YM2203
| YM2203 | |
 |
|
| Developer: | Yamaha |
| Released: | c. 1984 |
| Type: | Chip |
| Channels: | 1.) Square Wave/Noise |
The YM2203, known more colloquially as the OPN, is an integrated circuit created by Yamaha. Specifically, it is a programmable sound generator which, in addition to implementing a YM2149F (SSG), has three FM-synthesis channels. The YM2203 was primary used by NEC in their various home computer lines, and, to a lesser extent, Fujitsu and Sharp. It was also used in scores of arcade games. The YM2203 was usually paired with a YM3014 DAC to convert the output.
The YM2203 generates sound via frequency-modulated digital sine waves. It included 12 operator "cells", each generating a 13-bit sine wave at a programmable frequency, the volume of which is controlled by a programmable ADSR envelope. The output of these cells could be either summed together by the mixer, or fed into the input of another cell, in 4-cell batches creating the final sound values or "channels". 4 operator cells per channel allowed a total of 8 different permutations of cell connections, known as "algorithms" or instrument patches. This resulted in 3 FM synthesis channels.
The OPN was the first of a line of chips which included the YM2608 (OPNA), YM2610 (OPNB), YM2612 (OPN2), YM3438 (OPN2C), and YMF288 (OPN3).
Devices
The YM2203 was used on the following devices:
| Release | Company | Device |
|---|---|---|
| 1984-11-15 | NEC | PC-6001 mkII SR |
| 1984-11-20 | NEC | PC-6601 SR |
| 1984-??-?? | Fujitsu | FM-7 MB22459 |
| 1985-01-?? | NEC | PC-8001 mkII SR |
| 1985-01-?? | NEC | PC-8801 SR |
| 1985-05-?? | Fujitsu | FM-77 L2 |
| 1985-07-?? | NEC | PC-9801-26 |
| 1985-11-?? | NEC | PC-8801 FR |
| 1985-??-?? | Fujitsu | FM-77 AV |
| 1986-06-?? | NEC | PC-9801 UV2 |
| 1986-11-?? | NEC | PC-8801 MH |
| 1986-11-?? | NEC | PC-8801 FH |
| 1986-11-?? | NEC | PC-9801-26K |
| 1987-03-?? | NEC | PC-8801 VA |
| 1987-??-?? | Sharp | MZ-2861 |
| 1987-??-?? | Seiko-Epson | PC-286 |
| 1988-10-?? | NEC | PC-8801 FE |
| 1987-??-?? | Seiko-Epson | PC-386 |
| 1989-10-?? | NEC | PC-8801 FE2 |
| 198?-??-?? | SNE | Little Orchestra |
| 198?-??-?? | SNE | Sound Orchestra |
| 1991-09-?? | NEC | PC-9801 DA, DA2 |
Games
Scores of arcade games utilized the YM2203.
| Release | Game | Chip | Sample |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1986-??-?? | Argus (ARC) | YM2203 x2 | |
| 1987-07-?? | 1943: The Battle of Midway (ARC) | YM2203C x2 | |
| 1987-??-?? | Arkanoid: Revenge of DOH (ARC) | YM2203 | |
| 1987-??-?? | Avengers (ARC) | YM2203 x2 | |
| 1988-??-?? | Angel Kids (ARC) | YM2203 x2 | |
| 1988-??-?? | Ark Area (ARC) | YM2203 x2 | |
| 1988-??-?? | Bad Dudes vs. Dragonninja (ARC) | YM2203 | Sound Effects Only |
| 1989-??-?? | Act-Fancer Cybernetick Hyper Weapon (ARC) | YM2203 | |
| 1989-??-?? | Albatross (ARC) | YM2203 | |
| 1990-??-?? | Air Buster: Trouble Specialty Raid Unit (ARC) | YM2203 | |
| 1990-??-?? | Ashita no Joe (ARC) | YM2203 | |
| 1991-??-?? | Acrobat Mission (ARC) | YM2203 | |
| 1994-??-?? | Arcadia (ARC) | YM2203 |
- This list is incomplete.
Picture Gallery
A YM2203C mounted onto a PCB next to a YMF262.
Two YM2203Cs mounted onto the motherboard of 1943: The Battle of Midway (ARC).
Paired with a YM3014.
Pinout.
Block Diagram.
Downloads
| Document | Download |
|---|---|
| Manual | Download - (info) |
Emulation Status
The YM2203 has been emulated by MAME and most of the home computer emulators that support sound.
Links
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha_YM2203 - Wikipedia.
